EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe neurological condition with high mortality, often resulting from critical incidents such as drowning. Drowning can lead to cardiopulmonary arrest and neurological deficits due to cerebral hypoxia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality for early and accurate detection of brain lesions associated with HIE, commonly revealing diffuse cerebral edema and basal ganglia abnormalities. Timely emergency management, including immediate resuscitation and hospital intervention, is crucial for improving patient survival and outcomes.

 Keywords: Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy; Altered Consciousness; Drowning; MRI

1. O’Flaherty JE and Pirie PL. “Prevention of pediatric drowning and near-drowning: A survey of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics”. Pediatrics 99.2 (1997): 169-174.
2. Kriel RL., et al. “Outcome of severe anoxic/ischemic brain injury in children”. Pediatric Neurology 10.3 (1994): 207-212.
3. Dietrich RB. “MR of hypoxic encephalopathy in children after near drowning: Correlation with quantitative proton MR spectroscopy and clinical outcome”. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 19.9 (1998): 1617-1627.
4. Levin DL. “Drowning and near-drowning”. Pediatric Clinics of North America 40.2 (1993): 321-336.
5. Kimura H., et al. “Metabolic alterations in the neonate and infant brain during development: Evaluation with proton MR spectroscopy”. Radiology 194.2 (1995): 483-489.
6. E Mathon., et al. “Les prises en charge spécifiques de la noyade”. Chapitre 100, URGENCES (2011).