EC Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Previous studies reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia and obesity in persons older than 60 years are significantly rising [1]. The effects of changes on the immune status and insulin secretion in patients with diabetes are still questionable [2], whereas several previous studies demonstrated trigger higher stress conditions of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) contributing to hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes [3]. Increasing serum levels of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can suppress the platelet over-activity and the coagulation cascade [4]. The association between hypertension (HTN) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is still questionable and is independent from aging or not [5]. Obesity can induce mesenchymal dysfunction and exacerbating the COVID-19-related-cytokine-storm that promoting pulmonary fibrosis [6].

1. Gaziano TA., et al. “Cardiometabolic risk in a population of older adults with multiple co-morbidities in rural South Africa: the HAALSI (Health and Aging in Africa; longitudinal studies of INDEPTH communities) study”. BMC Public Health1 (2017): 206.
2. Hussain A., et al. “COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress”. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (2020): 108142.
3. Wang A., et al. “Timely blood glucose management for the outbreak novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is urgently needed”. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (2020): 162.
4. Van Der Stoep M., et al. “High-density lipoprotein as a modulator of platelet and coagulation responses”. Cardiovascular Research 3 (2014): 362-371.
5. Sommerstein R., et al. “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers have a biphasic effects?” Journal of the American Heart Association 7 (2020): e016509.
6. Ritter A., et al. “Obesity and COVID-19: molecular mechanisms linking both pandemics”. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16 (2020): 5793.